✅ Quality Inspection Playbook

Standardized inspection process for work-in-place. Catch defects before they're covered up and avoid expensive rework that kills your budget and schedule.

Why Quality Inspections Matter

Impact	Without Inspections	With Inspections
Rework costs	5–15% of project cost	under 2% of project cost
Punch list length	500+ items at substantial completion	Manageable list, no surprises
Schedule	Rework delays completion	First-time quality = on-time delivery
Client satisfaction	Callbacks, complaints, disputes	Smooth closeout, repeat business
Warranty claims	Expensive post-completion fixes	Issues caught and fixed during construction

Roles and Responsibilities

Role	Responsibilities
Foreman	Self-inspect own crew's work before requesting formal inspection
Superintendent	Conduct formal quality inspections, document findings, verify corrections
Project Manager	Review inspection reports, monitor trends, escalate systemic issues
Project Engineer	Maintain inspection logs, schedule third-party inspections, track deficiencies
Subcontractors	Self-inspect before requesting acceptance, correct deficiencies per timeline
Third-Party Inspector	Independent inspections per contract (structural, mechanical, electrical, fire)

Types of Inspections

Type	When	Who Inspects	Purpose
Self-inspection	Before requesting formal inspection	Foreman / crew	Catch obvious issues before anyone else sees them
In-progress inspection	During work	Superintendent	Verify work is on track, catch issues early
Hold point inspection	At defined milestones (before cover-up)	Superintendent + A/E or inspector	Formal verification before proceeding
Third-party / special	Per contract or code	Licensed inspector, testing agency	Code compliance, structural, MEP, fire
Pre-punch inspection	Before owner walk	Superintendent	Internal quality check before formal punch list
Final inspection	At substantial completion	Owner / A/E	Accept work as substantially complete

Step-by-Step Process

Step 1: Define Hold Points

At project start, identify every point where work must be inspected before it gets covered up or the next phase begins.

Common hold points:

Trade	Hold Point	What Gets Covered
Earthwork	Subgrade inspection	Buried under foundation
Concrete	Pre-pour: rebar, embeds, formwork	Buried in concrete
Concrete	Post-pour: finish, elevation, curing	Covered by flooring/finishes
Structural steel	Connections, torque, welds	Covered by fireproofing/finishes
Framing	Rough framing before sheathing	Covered by sheathing
MEP rough-in	Rough plumbing, electrical, HVAC before close-up	Covered by drywall
Waterproofing	Below-grade waterproofing before backfill	Buried underground
Insulation	Insulation before drywall	Covered by drywall
Fire stopping	Fire-rated penetration sealing	Concealed in walls/ceilings
Roofing	Each layer before the next is applied	Covered by subsequent layers

Never Cover Without Inspection

Covering uninspected work is one of the most expensive mistakes in construction. Tearing out drywall to inspect rough plumbing costs 10x what the inspection would have cost.

Step 2: Self-Inspection (Before Formal Inspection)

The foreman inspects their own crew's work before calling for formal inspection:

Self-inspection checklist approach:

Review the contract drawings and specs for the area
Walk the area with a checklist (see examples below)
Fix anything you find before calling for inspection
Take photos showing the work is ready
Notify superintendent that the area is ready for formal inspection

Why self-inspect first?

Avoids embarrassment — getting failed by the inspector
Saves time — inspector doesn't have to come back
Builds quality culture — crews take pride in first-time acceptance

Step 3: Formal Inspection

The superintendent (or designated inspector) walks the area:

Bring the right documents — Drawings, specs, approved submittals, checklist
Systematic walk — Go area by area, item by item — don't just scan
Check against drawings — Verify locations, sizes, types, spacing
Check against specs — Verify materials, methods, workmanship standards
Check against submittals — Verify approved products were actually installed
Test functionality — Where applicable (doors open/close, fixtures operate, slopes drain)
Photograph — Document both conforming and nonconforming work
Document findings — Note every deficiency with location, description, and photo

Step 4: Document Findings

For each deficiency found:

Field	Details
Location	Building, floor, room, grid — specific enough to find it
Description	What's wrong — clear and specific
Severity	Critical (must fix before proceeding), Major (must fix before close-up), Minor (cosmetic, can fix later)
Reference	Drawing/spec section that defines the requirement
Photo	Labeled photo showing the deficiency
Responsible party	Who needs to fix it
Due date	When the correction is due

Deficiency severity levels:

Level	Definition	Timeline
Critical	Safety issue or structural deficiency — work must stop in this area	Fix immediately, re-inspect before any further work
Major	Does not meet drawings/specs — must be fixed before cover-up	Fix within 48 hours, re-inspect before proceeding
Minor	Cosmetic or minor workmanship issue	Fix before pre-punch walk

Step 5: Correction and Re-Inspection

Notify the responsible party — Written notice with deficiency details
Set a correction deadline — Based on severity and schedule
Responsible party makes corrections — Fix the deficiency
Re-inspect — Verify the correction meets requirements
Document closure — Note the deficiency as corrected, with date and photo
Release the hold — Allow subsequent work to proceed

Inspection Checklists by Trade

Concrete — Pre-Pour Inspection

Framing — Before Sheathing

Layout matches drawings (wall locations, dimensions)
Stud size and spacing per drawings
Headers, cripples, and king studs per details
Hold-down and anchor bolt locations verified
Blocking for fixtures, cabinets, equipment in place
Fire blocking installed where required
Plumb and straight within tolerance
Bearing connections match structural drawings
All penetrations sleeved or blocked

MEP Rough-In — Before Close-Up

Common Mistakes

Mistake	Consequence	Fix
Inspecting too late	Work is already covered — must tear out to inspect	Define hold points at project start, enforce them
Checklist not specific to the work	Miss items unique to this project	Customize checklists for each project/trade
Not documenting deficiencies	"It was fine when I looked at it" — no proof	Written report with photos for every inspection
No re-inspection	Deficiency reported but never verified as fixed	Always re-inspect corrections before proceeding
Foreman skips self-inspection	Superintendent finds obvious errors — wastes everyone's time	Make self-inspection a mandatory step before formal inspection

Metrics

Metric	Target	Frequency
Hold point inspections completed	100% before cover-up	Per hold point
First-time acceptance rate	over 85%	Monthly
Open deficiencies	Zero critical, under 10 major	Weekly
Deficiency correction time	Critical under 24 hrs, Major under 48 hrs	Per occurrence
Rework cost as % of project	under 2%	Monthly

Resource	Link
Quality Control Guide	Full Guide
Inspection Log Tracker	Inspection Log
Pre-Pour Concrete Checklist	Pre-Pour Checklist
Daily Inspection Checklist	Daily Inspection
Punch List Playbook	Punch List

Why Quality Inspections Matter
Roles and Responsibilities
Types of Inspections
Step-by-Step Process
Inspection Checklists by Trade
Common Mistakes
Metrics
Related Resources

Why Quality Inspections Matter​

Roles and Responsibilities​

Types of Inspections​

Step-by-Step Process​

Step 1: Define Hold Points​

Step 2: Self-Inspection (Before Formal Inspection)​

Step 3: Formal Inspection​

Step 4: Document Findings​

Step 5: Correction and Re-Inspection​

Inspection Checklists by Trade​

Concrete — Pre-Pour Inspection​

Framing — Before Sheathing​

MEP Rough-In — Before Close-Up​

Common Mistakes​

Metrics​

Related Resources​